Arrow recently released a cool new box set of John Boorman's 1981 film Excalibur. I bought it last month but waited until I finished my recent repeat reading of Le Morte d'Arthur, the 15th century telling of the Arthurian legends by Sir Thomas Malory, upon which Excalibur is based. Among other things, pairing a reading of the book with the film allowed me to see what a good job Boorman and his co-writer, Rospo Pallenberg, did of condensing and streamlining the tale. Which is appropriate since Le Morte d'Arthur is itself Malory's condensing and streamlining of several disparate Arthurian stories from England and France. One thing one notices about the book is that it's somewhat repetitive, sometimes because Malory is including two stories that shared origins in an older, single story, but also because sometimes two similar stories are both worth including because they have slightly different perspectives on the same topic. The story of Tristram and Isolde, in which Sir Tristram loves the wife of a king he owes loyalty to, is similar to the story of Lancelot and Guenevere, but different enough that both can be included. But you can also see why Boorman omitted Tristram and Isolde and gave some elements of their plot to Lancelot and Guenevere. Boorman even uses the vorspiel from Wagner's opera about Tristan and Isolde for the love scene between Lancelot and Guenevere.
It's funny how differently the stories evolve. Arthur barely seems to care that Lancelot and Guenevere have been seeing each other in the book and it's the brothers of Sir Gawaine that seem to be the angriest about it, with Sir Gawaine being the primary force behind the war Arthur's faction enters into against Lancelot's after Lancelot accidentally slays some of Gawaine's unarmed brothers. This was a moment in the book I thought was actually very insightful about the nature of war. Initially, Gawaine wants no part of his brothers' efforts to expose the relationship between Lancelot and Guenevere, even after Lancelot kills one of Gawaine's brothers who attempts to confront him.
"Why say ye so?" said King Arthur; "forsooth ye have no cause to love Sir Launcelot, for this night last past he slew your brother, Sir Agravaine, a full good knight, and almost he had slain your other brother, Sir Mordred, and also there he slew thirteen noble knights; and also, Sir Gawaine, remember you he slew two sons of yours, Sir Florence and Sir Lovel." "My lord," said Sir Gawaine, "of all this I have knowledge, of whose deaths I repent me sore; but insomuch I gave them warning, and told my brethren and my sons aforehand what would fall in the end, insomuch they would not do by my counsel, I will not meddle me thereof, nor revenge me nothing of their deaths; for I told them it was no boot to strive with Sir Launcelot."
This establishes Gawaine as a man of incredible restraint and wisdom. Yet later, when Lancelot kills more of Gawaine's brethren, this time men that had no quarrel with Lancelot and were even among his best friends, Gawaine urges Arthur to make war. It's a little comical that Lancelot, in the fury of battle, just accidentally kills some of the best knights in the land, including Sir Gareth, whom Malory made into something of a Mary Sue by combining aspects of characters from other stories to create him. But it's also realistic that in war collateral damage often involves the killing of people that the assailant has no desire to kill, and then it depends on an interpretation by the opposite side to recognise the killing as done without malice. Since Gawaine is established as restrained and wise, it demonstrates how difficult it can be to see past the visceral emotion provoked by such a grievous accident.
The biggest change Boorman introduces is in the expansion of the character of Merlin. Merlin's prominence in Arthurian legend really increased in the 20th century, due especially to TH White's The Once and Future King and Disney's adaptation of it, The Sword in the Stone. Then Nicol Williamson delivers such a terrific performance in Excalibur that any viewer is bound to wish there were more of him in the movie, not less. I'd say it's primarily his performance that has inspired so many Merlin heavy adaptations since, including a recent, execrably bad conservative series, Rise of the Merlin, released this year by the Daily Wire on Amazon Prime.
Arrow, of course, delivers top notch image quality on the Excalibur blu-ray and presents the film in its original aspect ratio of 1:66:1, for the first time in any home video release, and I was surprised by what a difference it made. Boorman's compositions are precise and characters whose heads were partially cut off at the top of the frame now just touch the edge. I was marvelling at how expertly Boorman compels the viewer's focus, as in the early scene in which Arthur loses Kay's sword. In the foreground on the left is Sir Ector, then in the middleground on the right is Kay, and finally in the back, Arthur moves just to the left of centre to flip up a fur on the horse's saddle to reveal an empty scabbard, right in the middle of the screen. The enormity of Arthur's error is plain from this composition despite the young man's outward calm.
It's a lovely film, too, and Boorman's trick of using green lighting off screen is so odd and unique to the film that it's really charming. And, by gad, all that gleaming plate armour. It really is a shame modern adaptations are so set on portraying Arthur as a lightly armoured man of Roman occupied Britain, placing him in the period in which Arthur would have lived, even if those adaptations are in no other way remotely realistic. The man, whether he lived or not, is a legend, and that's the way to portray him.